Ancestry of Oprah Winfrey

Ancestry of Oprah Winfrey Oprah Gail Winfrey was born in 1954 in rural Mississippi, the child of a love affair between Vernon Winfrey and Vernita Lee. Her parents never married, and Oprah spent much of her youth being shuttled between various relatives. From her troubled childhood, Oprah Winfrey has grown into a household name, achieving success as a talk show host, actress, producer, publisher, and activist. Tips for Reading This Family Tree First Generation: 1. Oprah Gail WINFREY was born on 29 Jan 1954 on in the small town of Kosciusko, Attala County, Mississippi to Vernon WINFREY and Vernita LEE. Shortly after her birth, her mother Vernita moved north to Milwaukee, Wisconsin, and young Oprah was left in the care of her maternal grandmother, Hattie Mae Lee. At age six, Oprah left Mississippi to join her mother in Milwaukee. After several troubling, neglected years with her mother and half-siblings, Oprah moved again at the age of 14 to join her father in Nashville, Tennessee. Second Generation (Parents): 2. Vernon WINFREY was born in 1933 in Mississippi. 3. Vernita LEE was born in 1935 in Mississippi. Vernon WINFREY and Vernita LEE were never married and their only child was Oprah Winfrey: 1 i. Oprah Gail WINFREY Third Generation (Grandparents): 4. Elmore E. WINFREY was born 12 March 1901 in Poplar Creek, Montgomery County, Michigan and died on 15 October 1988 in Kosciusko, Attala County, Mississippi 5. Beatrice WOODS was born on 18 February 1902 in Kosciusko, Attala County, Mississippi and died on 1 December 1999 in Jackson, Hinds County, Mississippi. Elmore WINFREY and Beatrice WOODS married on 10 June 1925 in Carroll County, Mississippi, and they had the following children: i. Lee W. WINFREYii. Brister WINFREYiii. Marie WINFREY2. iv. Vernon WINFREY 6. Earlist LEE was born about June 1892 in Mississippi and died in 1959 in Kosciusko, Attala County, Mississippi. 7. Hattie Mae PRESLEY was born about April 1900 in Kosciusko, Attala County, Mississippi and died on 27 Feb 1963 in Kosciusko, Attala County, Mississippi. Earlist LEE and Hattie Mae PRESLEY were married about 1918 and had the following children: i. Susie LEE was born about 1920.ii. Hal LEE was born about 1922.iii. Willis S. LEE was born about 1925.iv. Hubert LEE was born about 1928.3. v. Vernita LEE

Physical Properties of the Element Chromium

Physical Properties of the Element Chromium Chromium is element atomic number 24 with element symbol Cr. Chromium  Basic Facts Chromium Atomic Number: 24 Chromium Symbol: Cr Chromium Atomic Weight: 51.9961 Chromium Discovery: Louis Vauquelin 1797 (France) Chromium Electron Configuration: [Ar] 4s1 3d5 Chromium Word Origin: Greek chroma: color Chromium Properties: Chromium has a melting point of 1857/-20 °C, a boiling point of 2672 °C, a specific gravity of 7.18 to 7.20 (20 °C), with valences usually 2, 3, or 6. The metal is a lustrous steel-gray color which takes a high polish. It is hard and resistant to corrosion. Chromium has a high melting point, stable crystalline structure, and moderate thermal expansion. All chromium compounds are colored. Chromium compounds are toxic. Uses: Chromium is used to harden steel. It is a component of stainless steel and many other alloys. The metal is commonly used for plating to produce a shiny, hard surface that is resistant to corrosion. Chromium is used as a catalyst. It is added to glass to produce an emerald green color. Chromium compounds are important as pigments, mordants, and oxidizing agents. Sources: The principal ore of chromium is chromite (FeCr2O4). The metal may be produced by reducing its oxide with aluminum. Element Classification: Transition Metal Chromium Physical Data Density (g/cc): 7.18 Melting Point (K): 2130 Boiling Point (K): 2945 Appearance: very hard, crystalline, steel-grayish metal Atomic Radius (pm): 130 Atomic Volume (cc/mol): 7.23 Covalent Radius (pm): 118 Ionic Radius: 52 (6e) 63 (3e) Specific Heat (20 °C J/g mol): 0.488 Fusion Heat (kJ/mol): 21 Evaporation Heat (kJ/mol): 342 Debye Temperature (K): 460.00 Pauling Negativity Number: 1.66 First Ionizing Energy (kJ/mol): 652.4 Oxidation States: 6, 3, 2, 0 Lattice Structure: Body-Centered Cubic Lattice Constant (Ã…): 2.880 CAS Registry Number: 7440-47-3

Global Warming Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Global Warming - Research Paper Example History of Global Warming. The notion of the ‘greenhouse effect’ was mentioned by a French scientist Fourier in 1827, who prompted the possibility that the earth trapped part of the longer-wave radiation coming from the surface of the earth (Grubb et al. 3). The issue of global warming was then introduced later in 1896, by a Swedish scientist named Svante Arrhenius (1859-1927), who claimed that the combustion of fossil fuels would eventually lead to a global temperature rise (Weart 205). However, this work was overlooked, due to the fact that human activity was too insignificant to have any impact on the planet, because of its sheer size and nature (Maslin Ch. 2). Improvements in infrared spectroscopy, in the 1940s, opened up a new chapter in the global warming phenomenon, where scientists were able to measure long wave radiation. It was up until now that they truly discovered through experimentation, that carbon dioxide did trap the radiation of infrared radiation withi n the atmosphere. However, this too was still considered insignificant, with more attention being given to the effects of water vapors into the atmosphere (Maslin). In 1955, after the world witnessed the Second World War, Gilbert Plass concluded that adding more carbon dioxide into the atmosphere would result in its capturing more infrared radiation, rather than it being lost into space (Maslin). From then onwards towards the end of the century, various treaties have come to form to tackle the issue of global warming, which I shall address later. Financial and Emotional Impact and Assessments The IPCC’s (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change) Third Assessment Report projected various emission outcomes, under which North America, over the next century could warm at 1-3?C in under low emissions, or 3.5-7.5?C in a high emissions scenario (Gupta 41). It is also common knowledge now that as the planet’s temperature increases, polar region ice melting would lead to incre ased sea level, leading to the destruction of coastal regions all around the world. These include much developed areas such as Florida, whose insured property alone exceeds US$1 trillion (Gupta 44). Global warming will lead to global climate change, which leads to various financial impacts. For example, in parts of Siberia and Northern Canada, an increase in temperature and carbon dioxide, would lengthen the favorable climatic conditions for crops and plants leading businesses to reap in more revenue (Houghton 143). However, given the nature of the sensitivity of global climatic changes, the financial impacts would tend to be more adverse in terms of cost. Adaptation to climatic changes would induce affected communities to alter their complete lifestyle, or in the worst case scenario, to migrate to more suitable conditions (Houghton). Roeser states in her book with regards to global warming and emotions that â€Å"Global warming is not just a scientific curiosity. It is something t hat makes any sensible person extremely anxious, and it shames all of us who are such extravagant degraders of the environment† (viii). Controversy surrounding the topic Regarding the controversy of anthropogenic global warming, which is global warming caused by human behavior, the climate modeling community has taken a blind eye to the findings of various published research, which conclude that the effects of global warming are not caused by human b

Criminal Law. Analyse the circumstances where liability for omissions Essay

Criminal Law. Analyse the circumstances where liability for omissions may arise - Essay Example However, there are special cases where the law specifies that a person act in order to save a situation failure of which results in criminal liability. Proponents of this type of legislations argue that the law should not bind people to help others since such a situation restricts people’s independence. Example: Tom was driving to town on a rainy afternoon, after driving for more than thirty minutes his car began heating up and huge white smoke began billowing from the bonnet of his car. Luckily, for him, the car had broken down some few meters to a bridge. He therefore alighted from his car and took a five litre water bottle which he had never travelled without from the trunk of his car and followed a small footpath that lead to the stream to fetch some water which could help cool his engine. He got to the stream, filled his container with the cold water, and began the short walk to where he had parked his car. However, a few meters from the riverbank, Tom heard hysterical sc reams emanating from the river, he turned and drowning in the river was a little boy probably seven years old. He immediately dived into the river without considering his actions, unfortunately, Tom had never swam before in a flowing water and it is only until he got into the water that he realized that he had made a mistake. He managed to grab the boy but the strength from the water current the weight of the boy overpowered him and before long, they were both drowning. It thus became a survival of the fittest situation; the boy was still alive and therefore held on to Tom tightly without letting go. Tom was fast losing breadth and he therefore needed to act swiftly to save his life or else they would both drown. In a sharp turn, he pushed the boy away from and fortunately managed to hold onto a root a few meters off the riverbank. The push from Tom combined with the strength of the water waves to give the boy a powerful thrust into a rock. The boy knocked his head and bled to death instantly. Just then, a group of young divers who had been tracing the boy from upstream arrived and one of the saw Tom push the boy away from him. They later removed the body from the water but a legal tussle was just to begin. Analysis The liability of omission begins when one decides to help in a desperate situation and later acts carelessly thereby causing a loss. In such a situation, the victim takes responsibility for his careless action. The law had not compelled Tom to try and save the boy, he could have simply looked at the young boy drown and continued with his business. In such a situation, he is acquitted from any liability since the law does not impose acts of humanity on the population. Had he left, Tom could have continued with his journey to the town and could not have answered to either the group of divers or the police. Additionally, should he have made a formal police report, he could have only been considered as responsible citizen and might therefore have appea red in the court only as a witness and helped the police with investigations to the best of his account of the event. The law does not command compulsory aid unless in special situations. By jumping into the water in an attempt to save the boy, Tom takes full responsibility of the boy and his subsequent acts of carelessness eventually result in the death of the boy. Immediately he jumps into the water, Tom

Social Implications of the Computer Revolution Research Proposal

Social Implications of the Computer Revolution - Research Proposal Example Guglielmo studied in Italy in the lab of Augusto Righi. He also studied in Florence and at a later part in his life in Livorno. Guglielmo never did well as far as his studies were concerned. He was a member of the Anglican Church and he was Catholic who was baptized. Guglielmo was involved in a scandal called the Italian Navy Coherer Scandal; it is believed that he stole the work of Jagadish Chandra Bose an Indian who is very renowned for his contribution in the field of Science. This happened because Jagadish Chandra Bose’s work could not be accepted because of the British rule, the British Administration made sure that his work never got published and it is very strongly believed that Guglielmo stole the work of Jagdish and came to the limelight. Guglielmo had a keen interest in Science and especially in Electricity right from the early years. During the time of Guglielmo, the invention of the electromagnetic waves took place and this was invented by Heinrich Hertz. The deat h of Hertz threw more light upon his discoveries this further intrigued Guglielmo, Guglielmo got very motivated and decided to invent something unseen by the world. He conducted experiments by setting up his own devices and material required to carry out the experiment. His main goal was to use radio waves to create wireless telegraphy. This meant that the transmission of the wireless messages got across without using any wires. The Development of the Invention This was not a new subject Guglielmo was working on, research had been already done on this subject, and he just utilized whatever was researched about the subject. Guglielmo used many important parts in this experiment, parts like oscillator, spark-producing radio transmitters, a telegraph key were used in his experiments. Other researchers also used the spark- Gap transmitters but they could not get the transmission to cover a long range, the transmission usually covered a few hundred meters. The case was no different for G uglielmo; he also got limited transmission when he first attempted the experiment. But at a later stage he experimented outdoors, he increased the length of the transmitter and the radio antenna this resulted in a very big success. The transmission improved drastically and he was able to transmit signals with a range of roughly about 1.5 kilometers. He concluded that the required funding to invent a device which could take this forward. He believed that this experiment will be very useful if it becomes an invention to the military personnel’s as they would be able to transmit signals easily. When he was close to inventing what he dreamt of all his life, he realized that Italy was not the right place to be in. He moved to London along with his Mother at the age of 21 to pursue the invention. 1897 was the year when Guglielmo sent the first ever wireless communication and this was done over Sea. The approximate distance covered by the signal was about 6 kilometers; the message w hich he sent read â€Å"Are you ready†. This was a good enough invention to receive international attention; this work quickly caught the eye of the international people associated with the same field. â€Å"Marconi sailed to the United States at the invitation of the New York Herald newspaper to cover the America's Cup races off Sandy Hook, NJ.  

Philosophy And Personal Identity Philosophy Essay

Philosophy And Personal Identity Philosophy Essay Personal identity starts at the moment of conception, within time personal identity can change or not change. The change in identity differs in many instances by causes of psychological, physical or environmental changes in the person life. As life progresses in time people tend to change their views on many issues and identity is involved with those issues. Day to day activities also play an important role on a persons present or prior identity by being exposed to different elements encountered within their mind while operating in these activities. The mind is the most important influential part of a person to establish their identity thru time present or future. The identity is very important for the well being of a person in their everyday life, at work, and even with their relaintionships. When it comes to philosophy Personal Identity is a very broad and extensive topic, many philosopher have their own views on the issue. On the other hand my personal choice for this paper has to be a very well known philosopher by the name of John Locke who was one of the greatest in Europe in the late 1600s and early 1700s until his death. John Locker was born into the stage in Europe which was called the Enlightenment in which he helped find the identity of Thomas Jefferson to the idea of the Declaration Of Independence by stating this men are endowed with certain inalienable rights, and that among these are life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness. With these words stated by Thomas Jefferson, John Locke began his successful thrill of Philosophy and the issue of Personal Identity. As Locke explains his version of Personal Identity he explains it in a higher power and often relies on faith, as opposed to science, to aid him in his major life decisions by using his personal identity. John Lockes views on personal identity are set out in the selection, Of Identity and Diversity, taken from his Essay Concerning Human Understanding. In this essay he talks about humans are able to understand by applying his theories and ideas. John Locke had his heart of personal identity in Section 9 of his essay in which he states his idea of a person is that of a thinking, intelligent (rational) being with consciousness of itself (self-consciousness). The notion of a thinking intelligent being amounts to this.While John Locke had his opinion and theories on personal identity other philosophers do too.In reference Identity is very complex and it has no set definition everyone agrees on. Sarup (1996) talks about identity by using the example of a passport. This may include a photograph of the person as well as other details including nationality, a persons full name and date-of-birth. While a passport is a form of identity it does not express who you are as a pers on. It shows you who you are so that you can be recognized in a bureaucratic sense (Sarup, 1996). Sarup the author states that identity is to do with who one thinks one is, what one believes and what one does. While Kidd another author believes that identity relates to how we think about ourselves as people, how we think about other people around us and what we think others think of us. In other words, the ability to figure out (Kidd, 2002)who we are as a person. Kidd the other author states that we are shaped by our culture, and we shape it and perpetuate in it in our day-to-day lives. Although culture and identity are often linked they are, in fact, different in many ways than one . With culture representing the macro pattern- the bigger picture- and identity representing the smaller more micro meanings we have as individuals ( Kidd, 2002, p.7). In my personal identity I have experienced many facets within my 25 years of living in this earth.My personal identity has been developing each minute of the day,as well as days on and in years.In my readings and research I personally coincide with authors who state that personal identity is divided by two subsets.These two subsets are characterized by experience and learning.On the contrary to Lockes beliefs I feel these two subsets characterize my personal identitys growth.According to Wenger, identity can be seen as a negotiated experience, which is developed through engagement in practice in which gives us certain experiences of participation and what our communities pay attention to makes us as participants (Wenger, 1998). Identity in practice is defined socially not merely because it is believed in a social discourse of the self and of social categories, but also because it is produced as a lived experience of participation in the specific communities (Wenger, 1998, p.151). Learning is a very crucial item people should encounter because it benefits us in the long run when it comes to our daily lives and personal encounters and relaintionships.The many things ive learned thru out my years has set out to my advantage and my personal identity .While working for different companies and organizations my personal identity has differed in each setting because I had a different role in each one.Having different roles in each of my jobs,my personal identity had to change in time in order for my tenure their to be successful and keep up with the rest of the laborers.According to the author Wenger A sense of a learning trajectory gives us ways of sorting out what matters and what does not, what contributes to identity and what remains marginal (Wenger, 1998, p.155). When we speak of ones personal identity we speak as what makes us the person that we are.Our identity consists of what makes us unique and different as an individual and from others.According to Locke personal identity does not involve the body at all,the person could be involved by his soul.If such would occur Locke suggested that the person could be transferred by his own soul.However personal identity to Locke cannot be equated with the identity of a thinking substance either because the identity doesnt follow the identity of the soul ,but follows the set of individual thoughts it contains.Here is an excerpt of one Lockes essay where he states the personal identity would follow the thoughts themselves, and not the thinking substance. Let any one reflect upon himself,and conclude,that he has in himself an immaterial Spirit,which is that which thinks in him,and in the constant change of his body keeps him the same;and is that which he calls himself: Let him also suppose it to be the same soul,that was in Nestor or Thersites, at the Siege Of Troy.But he,now having no consciousness of any of the Actions either of Nestor or Thersites,does,or can he,conceive himself the same person with either of them? Can he be concerned in either of their actions?Attribute them to himself, or think them his own more than the actions of any other man,that ever existed?But let him once find himself conscious of any of the actions of Nestor,he then finds himself the same person with Nestor.(Section 15).Since we know and read that Locke rejects that the identity of a person is the identity of an immaterial substance or soul.For Locke at every moment you could have a different soul,thoughts,or a different thinker and still have the same person see.(Section 25) Another rejection by Locke is the idea the the identity of a man is needed for the identity of the person.It wouldnt be necessary since you could have the same person in two different beings as he states in the Prince and the Cobbler story. For should the soul of a prince,carrying with it the consciousness of the princes past life,enter and inform the body of a cobbler,as soon as deserted by his own soul,everyone sees he would be the same person with the prince.(Section 15). For Locke personal identity is not enough if it doesnt include the identity of consciousness.According to Locke consciousness is the ideas that a soul entertains,not in the soul that entertains them.The most important part of consciousness is memory,since memory can remember the actions and experiences of some past person,from the perspective of that person,then one thereby qualifies as identical with that person.To Locke he describes personal identity as a forensic notion.(Section 26).While most philosophers and philosophy get confused with his identity of consciousness Locke statedFor since consciousness always accompanies thinking,and it is that which makes every one to be what he calls self,and thereby distinguishes himself from all other thinking things:in this along consists consists personal identity and as far as this consciousness can be extended backwards to any past action or thought,so far reaches the identity of that person;it is the same self now it was then;and it is b y the same self with this present one that now reflects on it,that that action was done.(Section 9). Overtime John Locke has been criticized by his theories and his way of thinking by fellow philosophers and other entities.Thomas Reid has a view that is similar to Descartes in which a person who is a simple indivisible substance that has no temporal or spatial parts.Thomas Reid states that My personal identity implies the continued existence of that indivisible thing which I can myself.Whatever this self may be,it is something which thinks,and deliberates,and resolves,and acts and suffers.I am not thought,I am not action, I am not action,I am not feeling;I am something that thinks,and acts and suffers.My thoughts,and actions,and feelings change every moment;they have no continues,but a successive,existence that self or I,to which they belong,is permanent,and has the same relation to all the succeeding thoughts,actions,and feelings which I call mine. Reid argues that memory is the evidence for personal identity,but not the basis of personal identity.Reid developed several arguments w hich go against John Lockes memory is the basis of personal identity.The four main arguments that Reide goes against Locke are: The Duplication problem which states one person may be identity with more than one person. The Brave Soldier Paradox which a man may be ,and at the same time not be,the person that did a particular action. The problem of removing reward punishment and responsibility. The minor objection that confuses consciousness with memory.

Charles Dickens A Tale of Two Cities :: GCSE English Literature Coursework

In the 16th century Charles Dickens wrote the unforgettable novel A Tale of Two Cities. In it he created two of the most remarkable fictional characters of all time. One is the bloodthirsty Madame Defarge, and the other is the selfless Sydney Carton. Madame Defarge is a peasant who seeks revenge on all aristocrats who cross her path. In contrast, Sydney Carton is a man who is willing to do anything for the love of his life. While the actions of these two characters clearly delineate their differences, the underlying forces that drive each character are quite similar. From Madame Defarge’s actions, it is clear that she is the evil antagonist in the novel. Even in the manner that she is physically described, she is presented as â€Å"dark† and therefore she is seen as evil. She is as evil as she is because when she was younger the D’Evremonde brothers killed her whole family. Now the purpose of her life is to procure revenge on the D’Evremonde family and every other aristocrat. Even when told by her beloved husband she has gone to far, she does not stop. Instead her repartee to him was, â€Å"Tell the wind and fire where to stop; not me†. In it she evidently expresses how she will never forget what was done to her family and how the D’Evermondes are deserving of what they will receive. The actions she performs in her daily life demonstrate her evilness. In the novel it seems as though she is the â€Å"bad guy† who is starting up all the trouble. It is her need for revenge, in the book, that starts th e revolution. While Dickens presents Sydney Carton as a worthless drunk, in contrast to Madame Defarge, he is the Christ-like noble figure of the novel. He appears to the readers of A Tale of Two Cities as a worthless drunk and a man who has not acquired any high social position in his life. Also, it seems as though his life has resulted to nothing. At one point he says, â€Å"I care for no man on earth, and no man on earth cares for me†, but that changes when he meets Lucie Manette. He develops an undying juvenile-like love for her. Sydney is willing to do anything for her and tells her so in a beautiful speech he made to her. In it he states, â€Å"Think now and then that there is a man who would give up his life, to keep a life you love beside you†.